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` 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

(No Model.)

L. A. BEGHT.

PBRMUTATION 1.00K.

Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

NA Firm; Pmwmnugnpm. wmnsm, D. u

Nnuten Stains Parent @trice LOUIS ALBERT llEt/lll'l, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T() EDOUARD VIOLLIER, OF SAMF. PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 399,002, dated March 5, 1889.

Application led August 24, 1888. Serial No. 283,543. (No model.) Patented in France August 16, 1882, No. 150,654, and in Belgium August 19,1882, No. 58,806.

.T0 all whom, zit may cufccrz.:

Be it known that I, Louis ALBERT RECHT, a citizen of France, residing at Paris, in thc Department of the Seine, have invented a new and uset'ul Improvement in Safe-Locks, (for which I have obtained patents in France, No. 150,154., dated August Id, 1882, and Belgium, No. 58,806, dated August lf3, l882,) ol which the following is a spec'iication.

This invention relates to a new system of locks mainly designed for safes, but applicable to other purposes, and capable of use in various forms-such as padloeks, square doorlocks, and so on.

The part ot' my improved locks can be made by ordinary mechanical means-such as the lathe, the milling-machine, and the stamping press or punch. Itis impossible to torce them or to discover the secret of t-heir operation, which is a great advantage over the locks actually in use, whose combination of letters or igures can be ascertained by a pei-severing thief. In case a meddling or evil-disposed person should derange the po sition of: the parts, it is easy to make the lock operate the same as it it had not been touched. By means of my system, therefore, I obtain complete security, while at the same time I e'lect a very great economy ot' manual labor.

In the accompanying drawings, locks constructed in accordance with the invention are exhibited by way of example, the like letters indicating the same or corresponding parts in all figures.

Figure l is aperspeetive view, partly in section, of a round lock, the bolt and its coutroller or operating-cam being not shown. Fig. 2 is an axial section of another ot' same general pattern, the bolts being not shown. Fig. is a detail view in perspective ot one of the parts. Fig. l is a plan, and Figs. 5 and il sections transverse to the axis of the lock 4shown in Fig. Fig. 7 is an elevation, partly iu scctiomshowing the bolt and operating-cam for the loci.: of Fig. '1, together with an arrangement for an additional snap-bolt for use when it is not desired tc employ the loc-lc proper. Fig. 8 a plan of the lock shown in Fig. l, the bolt being omitted. Fig,

l) is an axial section, and Figs. IO and ll. transverse sections, ot the same, the bolt being shown in Figs. f) and IlY but not in Fig. l0; and Figs. l2 and I3 are views in sections at right angles to each other of. a square lock.

In each of the locks shown there are four screws for adj usting as many carriages; but the number ot' these can be varied, and it will be understood that what is said of locks with four carriages is toA be applied (with such modification as may be necessary) to those with, say, live, six, ten, or as the case may be.

Referring to Figs. l. to Il, A is the hollow cylindrical lock-case, which is suitably secured to the door ot' the sate by ailange or plate, 1r, at the Atrout et the lock in Figs. 2 and 4f, and at the hack in Figs. l, 8, f), 10, and ll. In the case is nicely adjusted a cylinder, l5, with cheeks I) lf, with fourholes, c c', respectively, in each, in which holes are journals d d' of the four screws D I)2 D3 D4. Each ot' these screws can be turned by any suitable meanssuch as a key inserted in the hollow (F in the end of each of the screws and engaging a notch at the bottom of the hollow-and I may have a similar hollow, d3, in the opposite end, if I desire to manipulate the screws from both sides-as, tor example, in a lock to be opened from either side.

Each screw engages a carriage or nut, E E2 E3 E", respectively, ot' the form shown best in Fig. l, there being on the outside two wings, e e', with a groove between them in which tits loosely (or with only slight triction) a block, F FL F3 F4, respectively,L such as shown in perspective in Fig. 8, each block havingl on the outside a tongue which iits in a slot, j" f2 fsf, respectively, au d bein g held by a screw, g g2g g, respectivelytapped into the block after being inserted through a spring, G G2 Gf3 G4, which bears upon the outside of the case A. These springs G Gg l G4 hold the blocks F 73 F3 F'1 in place but permit them to be shifted along the slots j" fzfg] by the application ot' suliicient pressure. The blocks F F2 Fi3 F'l are thus ad j ustably mounted on their support A.

It all. the blocks it between the wings e e 4of the corres )Ondiney carriages E E2 E:l

as shown in Figs. l, U, ll, it is possible to turn the cylinder B, together with its screw D D2 D2 D and carriages I E2 E3 EL, since the wings on said carriages will slide over the blocks, and this turning is utilized to control the lock-bolt or bolt-work of the safe by a suitable bolt-controller, such as hereinafter described, for example, or of any suitable description, the controlling being direct or indirect by an. actuatingor a doggingaction. On the other hand, if the blocks F F2 Fi" F4 are not between the wings e e', but occupy the position shown in Figs. 5 and l1, (the blocks occupyingl the spaces between the ends of the wings e e on one carriage and the adjacent ends of the wings on the next carriage) they will permit the cylinder B to turn, provided each block registers with the groove between the wings; but if they do not so register they will prevent the cylinder B from turning and will thus dog thc cylinder B or obstruct its rotation.

When in the position shown in Figs. and 11, each carriage can, by rotating its screw D D2, D, or D4, be adj usted independently of its blocks F F2 F2 F2, which remain stationary on the case A, so as to bring said carriage into and out of position to register with its said block and thus cause the latter to act or not to act as an obstruction to turning the cylinder B. In the usualoperation of the lock the blocks F F2 F3 F1L are set in different positions in their respective slots, so that the carriages E E2 E3 F.4 will have to be adjusted to different positions to secure a proper registry. The relative positions of the blocks F F2 Fs FL determine the combination or secretof the lock.

In opening the lock by a person familiar with the combination, he proceeds by turning the screws D D2 D3 D", so as to run the carriage back against, say, the cheek Z1. Then he gives to each screw so many turns or fractions of a turn as will make the carriage register withcorresponding block. This he does readily, knowing the conibin ation, or, in other words, knowing how many turns or fractions ot' a turn will be necessary; but if a person has not the information it will be almost or quite impossible to make all the carriages and blocks register.

To facilitate counting' the turns of the screws DD2D2D", springs R,Figs. l0 and l1, are arranged to bear against Hat places t on the said screws, it being easy to notice whether or not the spring bears upon the flat place or a round portion of the screw.

The cylinder B, as shown in 7, 9, and l1, carries a bolt-controller in the form of a cam, C, which throws the bolt P back and forth by a quarter-turn, and, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, 5, and o, it carries a bolt-controller in the form of a rotatory plate, I, with many arms, t" t2 t2 t, which are connected by ordinary or suitable connections with the bolt-work, (not shown,) so as to throw the bolt back and forth by a quarter-turn. \Vhen, therefore, a person has brought the carriages E EL into registry with the blocks F F2 F3 Fl in the position shown in Figs. 5 and l0, an eighth turn will bring each block between the wings c e of the corresponding carriage, and another eighth turn in the saine direction will complete the locking or unlocking and release the carriages from the blocks, so that the former can be adjusted independently of the latter by turning the screws. The person using the lock, therefore, after locking or. unlocking, can adjust the carriages E E2 E4, or as many of them as may be desired, so as to prevent any one not knowing the combination from turning the cylinder B.

To limit the angle through which the cylinder B can be turned, there is a pin, m, Figs. 2 and et, on a spring, L, which takes into one or another of the holes the edgel of the check b, according as the lock is opened or closed, or in the intermediate position shown in Figs. 6 and lO, one of these holes being' represented at l, Fig.

Then it is desired to chan ge the combination, the parts are brought into the position of Figs. (i and 10,and then by turning one of the screws-say D-the correspondingcarriage, E, and block F are moved to the end of the course-that is, till they are arrested by contact with, say, the cheek b. Then the operator turns the screw D in opposite direction, making, say, three, four, five, or more turns, as he may have determined, which will bring the block F into a position represented by that number of turns. The block is moved with the carriage, because the pressure of the spring G is not sufcient to prevent it from sliding on the case A. In like manner the other carriages and their blocks are run back and advanced again individually, the operator noting the number of turns or fractions of a turn in each case. IIe now, by an eighth of a turn, frees the carriages from the blocks and adjusts them lengthwise of the screws D D2 D2 Dl by turning the latter, so that they can only be restored by a person knowing how many turns were originally employed for each screw to fix the position ol the respective blocks, F I`2 F3 F".

At the ends d of the screws there are flanges 7L h2 h3 h4, which are interposed between the cheek. b and a washer, H. As shown in Fig. i), the washer, and also the cam U, are fastened to the cylinder B by a screw, II. This can be tightened so as to clamp the flangesh h2 h2 71,Jt with more or less pressure, so as to require the exertion of more or less strength in turning the screws D D2 D2 D4. As shown in Figs. l, S, 9, 10, and ll, the cylinder B is turned drectly; but in the lock of Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6 there is a spindle, K, to which the power is applied, and which communicates motion to the cylinder B by friction. The head of the spindle bears against the end of the cylinder B, and a nut, k2, engaging the reduced and threaded extremity k at the opposite end of t-he spindle, presses the rotatory plate I and IIO washer ll against the llanges 7L' h2 763714 of the screws D D2 D3 DAL with yielding pressure, so that it' the cylinder B is dogged or obstructed in its rotation an attempt to torce it around will simply turn the spindle K. At is a proj ection to receive a key for turning the spindle K.

Then it is necessary to open the safe often during the day-as, per example, at the hours of paymentthe combination-lock may be left open and the safe closed simply by a latch. In this case the bolt P, Fig. 7, is moved to the lett, (or unlockecb) thus withdrawing the stud l from vthe notch 2 in the plate 3, so that the latter can be turned by a handle, a, on the outside of the door. By turning this plate 3 a pin, 5, thereon working in the slot G acts upon the latch 7 to release it and allow the door to be opened.

ln Figs. 'l2 and 13 the case A is square, and the carriages E El E", with their screws D l)2 l)S D4, are supported on said case, while the blocks l F2 Fis F4 are mounted on the box l2, which is the equivalent of the cylinder ll, and which moves with the bolt, being shifted back and forth by the handle S, which turns the bolt-controller in the form of a plate, 0, having an ecccntrically-curved slot, l0, into which a pin, ll, in the box l2 projects. The blocks F' F2 F3 Fl are set in slots f' f2 filf",

before.

The carriages have the wings e ef, which receive between the blocks F F2 Fs F or else act as obstructions to the movement of the box l2, which carries the said blocks, and of the bolt g. The operation is substantially as before described with reference to Figs. l to l l. The spindle oi' the handle S is exposed on the opposite side of the locks, so as to receive a key, and the screws D', dsc., are adapted to receive a hey at each end. It will be understood that the invention includes not only an arrangement in which the carriages are mounted on a movable carrier, as in Figs. Lto l1, which controls the lock-bolt or bolt-work of a safe while the blocks are stationary, but also the reverse arrangement, in Figs. l2 and 1 3, in which the blocks are mounted on the movable carrier and the carriages are supported by a stationary part; also, that the invention includes not-only a rotary carrier, as in Figs. l. to l1, but also a sliding carrier, as shown, for example, in Figs. l2 and i3; or a movable carrier in general, and so also other medications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The forms, dimensions, proportions, materials, and accessory devices may, of course, be varied at will.

l claim as my invention or discoveryl. In a lock, the combination, with the boltcontroller, ot the carriages and the blocks, one set movable with said bolt-controller, the other being stationary, and the screws which adjust said carriages, so that motion of said controller is or is not dogged by contact between them and the said blocks, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the bolt-controller, of the carriages and the blocks, one set movable with sai d bolt-controller, the other stationary, the screws which adjust said carriages, so that the said controller is or is not dogged, and the adjustable mounting` for the said blocks, so that their position can be altered to cha-nge the secret combination, substantially as'described.

3. The combination, with the boltcontroller, ol' the carriages and blocks, one set movable with said bolt-controller, the other stationary, the screws which adjust said carriages, and the adjustable mounting for said blocks, composed of a friction-clamp and a slotted support, said blocks interlocking with said carriages when in registering position, and said friction clamps permitting them when interloched to be moved with said carriages by said screws, substantially as described.

-L The combination, with the bolt controller, the carriages, and the blocks, ot the screws which adjust the carriages, provided with flat places, and the springs which press upon said flat places, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with thc boltcontroller, the carriages, and the block?, ot the screws which adjust the carriages, provided wit-h tlanges, and the washer held with yielding` pressure against sai d flanges, substantially as described.

G. The combination, with the bolt-controller, the carriages, and blo clzs, one set movable with the bolt-controller, the other set stationary, the carrier for said movable set and the screws which adj ust said carriages, of the spindle having a Afriction-connection with said carrier, substantially as described,

7. l'lhe combination, with the bolt-controller, having an operating handle or device on each side of the lock, the carriages, and the blccls, of the screws which adjust said carriages, having both ends accessible for operation on each side of the lock, substantially as described.

LOUIS ALBERT BECHT.

Witnessesz B. J. PRESTON, A. Rousset.

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